Fat globule membrane of sow milk as a target for adhesion of K88-positive Escherichia coli

Membrane adhesion of K88-positive Escherichia coli was studied on intestinal brush-border membranes on 237 Finnish Landrace pigs. Forty-one per cent of the brush-border membrane preparations aggregated E. coli (positive adhesion). Similar dualism of adherence/nonadherence was observed on sow milk fat globule membranes. Washed milk fat globules (washed cream) can be used as a convenient source of material for adhesion studies. Bacterial adherence on to milk fat globules is evident as agglutination of the globules (dark-field microscopy). By this procedure the sows can be typed according to their receptor phenotype. This simple principle of fat globule agglutination due to receptors for K88-positive E. coli might be complicated by SigA-mediated bacterial adherence. Fat globule membranes were shown to contain SigA, which may act as a mediator of bacterial adherence onto fat globules. The significance of this adhesive property of milk fat globule might be to provide alternative receptors for E. coli thus preventing bacterial adhesion on to gastro-intestinal epithelium of the offspring. Sow milk fat globules can be used for typing E. coli for membrane adhesiveness. The adhesiveness of the strains showed a good correlation with the presence of the K88 antigen, as well as the hydrophobicity of the bacterial strain as determined by an association on Phenyl-Sepharose beads.     

Stimulation of ROS-scavenging systems in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants by compost supplementation under normal and low temperature conditions

The beneficial effect of compost, the final product of aerobic biodegradation of organic matter, on growth, lipid peroxidation [as malondialdehyde (MDA], hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (O₂^•−), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as reduced ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) and their oxidized forms was investigated in squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Eskandarany) plants exposed to normal and low temperature (LT) conditions. LT stress of 8 °C significantly reduced the plant growth of untreated plants, but compost alleviated the adverse effect of stress and significantly increased the fresh and dry weights under normal and stress conditions. LT also induced accumulation of H₂O₂ and O₂^•− and resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, pointing out to cellular oxidative stress. Under compost application, such reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidized lipids were markedly reduced, but SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities, key enzymes of ROS-scavenging systems, were significantly increased. Data also indicated that there were general reductions in total ascorbate and glutathione pool in LT control plants, but compost-treated ones considerably have maintained higher levels of such redox metabolites. Significantly higher ratios of ASC/DHA (dehydroascorbate) and GSH/GSSG (glutathione disulfide) were generally found in compost-treated plants than in untreated-ones. It is evident that compost induced enhancement of LT tolerance was related to up-regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Such enhancement would eventually protect plant cells from LT-induced oxidative stress reactions via scavenging ROS.     

栉孔扇贝急性病毒性坏死症病毒cDNA文库的构建及部分序列分析

急性病毒性坏死症病毒（Acute Virus Necrobiotic Virus,AVNV）已被证实是一种对养殖栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）危害极大的致病病原.本研究应用基因克隆技术对AVNV基因组进行cDNA合成、克隆,并对部分克隆进行序列分析.采用差速和蔗糖密度梯度离心法,分离纯化AVNV.用Trizol试剂抽提病毒RNA,采用随机引物和Oligo（dT）双引物法,SuperScriptⅡ反转录酶合成cDNA,并克隆于pUC118质粒上,利用蓝白斑筛选阳性克隆子,PCR法快速鉴定重组质粒.经筛选得到2个阳性克隆23^#、52^#,插入片段大小约为1200 bp和800 bp.测序结果与GenBank的比对分析显示,尚未有类似的序列报道,提示该病毒可能为一种新发现的病毒.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：421-425]     

Maturation of the pancreatic and intestinal digestive functions in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): effect of weaning with different protein sources

The maturation of the digestive functions in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae was evaluated by the enzymatic profile of pancreas and intestine brush border membranes. Sea bass larvae were weaned at day 25 with three simplified diets different by their protein nature: 100% fish meal (FP), 100% casein mixture (CP) and 50% fish meal-50% casein mixture (CFP). The casein mixture contained 35% of hydrolysate. The control group was fed live preys. The specific activity of amylase decreased with age irrespectively of the diets whereas the specific activity of trypsin was enhanced. The casein mixture reduced pancreatic secretion in amylase and trypsin. The CFP group differed from the other groups fed on compound diets, exhibiting as soon as day 32 high activities of brush border enzymes, similar to controls. This sharp increase between day 25 and 32 appeared to be crucial for larval survival. The addition of a protein hydrolysate in a weaning diet seems to facilitate this maturation process.     

栉孔扇贝大规模死亡致病病原的研究

对2000-2002年山东沿海6个疫区患病栉孔扇贝进行电镜观察，在消化腺、外套膜、肾和肠的结缔组织细胞和间质细胞中发现一种球形病毒．并引起相直的病理学变化。该病毒具囊膜，直径为130～170nm，核衣壳直径为90～140nm。病毒分离纯化后．观察到的病毒囊膜表面覆有长20nm的纤突。病毒在细胞质中的囊泡样结构内完成装配，其内未发现包涵体存在。从发病疫区栉孔扇贝组织中分离出病毒毒种对键康扇贝进行人工感染。结果显示，各感染实验组发病扇贝表现出与自然海区发病扇贝相同的临床症状。病毒注射组死r二率为?5％，病毒浸浴组死亡率为68．7％．灭活病毒注射组和空白对照组死亡率皆为12．5％。病毒注射、浸浴组与灭活病毒注射组、空白对照组死亡率差异显著。电镜复检结果显示，各感染实验组发病扇贝组织中分布有大量病毒粒子，与自然海区发病扇贝组织所观察到的病毒粒子在形态特征和病理学特征上完全一致。以上结果证明，病毒是导致栉孔扇贝大规模死亡的直接病原。     

DISTAL BORDER FRAGMENTS OF THE EQUINE NAVICULAR BONE: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL LAMENESS

Distal border fragments of the navicular bone are increasingly being detected due to the improved capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but their clinical significance remains unclear. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the location, size, and frequency of fragments in a cohort of horses presented for MRI of the foot and to compare MRI findings with severity of lameness. Archived MRI studies and medical records were searched from March 2006 to June 2008. Horses were included if a distal border fragment of the navicular bone was visible in MRI scans. Confidence interval comparisons and linear regression analyses were used to test hypotheses that fragments were associated with lameness and lameness severity was positively correlated with fragment volume and biaxial location. A total of 453 horses (874 limbs) were included. Fragments were identified in 60 horses (13.25%) and 90 limbs (10.3%). Fifty percent of the horses had unilateral fragments and 50% had bilateral fragments. Fragments were located at the lateral (62.2%), medial (8.89%), or medial and lateral (28.9%) angles of the distal border of the navicular bone. There was no increased probability of being categorized as lame if a fragment was present. There was no significant difference in fragment volume across lameness severity categorizations. Confidence intervals indicated a slightly increased probability of being classified as lame if both medial and lateral fragments were present. Findings indicated that distal border fragments of the navicular bone in equine MRI studies are unlikely to be related to existing lameness.     

姜荷花的形态特征及在白云禁毒主题公园的花境应用

姜荷花Curcuma alismatifolia要种植在光照充足且排水良好的环境,种植时需消毒土壤及种球,使用缓释复合肥,保持土壤湿润,并及时防治炭疽病及蝗虫等病虫害.参考泰国农业部对姜荷花新品种的测试内容,对广州白云禁毒主题公园中种植的10个姜荷花品种的叶片、花序、株高等进行了观察测量.结果表明,10个品种的株高、冠...     

边缘细胞对水稻生长和细胞壁组分的影响及其与耐铝性的关系

以水稻II优3027 (耐铝基因型)和红良优166 (铝敏感基因型)为材料,采用悬空培养法,在根尖附着和移除边缘细胞(root border cell, RBCs)条件下,比较研究水稻生长、根尖铝含量和细胞壁组分含量变化及其与耐铝性的关系。结果表明,铝抑制水稻根系伸长,导致根尖和细胞壁铝积累。移除根尖边缘细胞令根伸长抑制率、根尖胼胝质含量、根尖和细胞壁铝含量及细胞壁单核铝含量显著低于保留边缘细胞的根。此外,对比于根尖移除边缘细胞,保留边缘细胞降低了细胞壁中果胶和半纤维素1含量,而对半纤维素2含量无影响。表明铝毒胁迫下水稻根尖由于附着边缘细胞,阻止了根系铝吸收,并维持较低的细胞壁果胶和半纤维素1含量,减少细胞壁吸附铝的位点。同时也减少了根尖毒性形态铝的含量,降低了铝的生物有效性,从而提高了水稻的耐铝性。     

不同地表状况耕地的田面糙率研究

田面糙率是影响田面水流运动的重要参数之一.该文针对裸地、翻耕地和作物地3种不同地表状况耕地的田面糙率进行研究.分析确定了裸地和翻耕地田面糙率的主要影响因素为田面凹凸程度,作物地田面糙率的主要影响因素还包括根茎宽度和根茎高度;进行了3种地表状况的田面凹凸程度、根茎宽度和根茎高度的田间实测及田面水流运动试验;将零惯量模型与优化方法相结合,建立了田面糙率求解的优化模型;根据田面实测资料,利用优化模型求得3种耕地的田面糙率值,据此,建立了裸地、翻耕地和作物地3种耕地田面糙率与其主要影响因素之间的关系式,验证试验结果表明,所建立的关系式正确.这对合理设计田面灌溉系统,提高灌水质量具有重要参考价值.     

畦灌条件下樱桃树根系的空间分布特征

在对北京市永乐店农业节水灌溉试验站内的樱桃树根系进行详细调查的基础上,该文对樱桃树根系在根区范围内的空间分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,定植12a樱桃树的根系分布在以树干为中心250cm半径范围内,最大垂直深度为100cm。根系干质量、体积、表面积及根长各主要参数的总体分布是从表层开始随着土层深度的增加逐渐减少,从树干开始沿半径方向随着离树干距离的增加逐渐减少。根系各主要参数在各土层深度的分布百分比与其相应的土层深度均存在良好的指数相关关系。按照相关系数进行评价,相关程度按表面积(R2=0.9342)、根长(R2=0.9261)、体积(R2=0.9136)及干质量(R2=0.9050)的顺序逐渐减小。各采样单元内直径小于2mm的吸水根比例在35%～100%(平均68%)范围内分布。吸水根主要分布在以树干为中心200cm半径范围内,垂直方向从树干下方的60cm开始,逐渐减少到距树干水平200cm处的20cm左右,在树干周围半径为50cm和80～160cm范围是两个分布密集区。